Transactions on Machine Design Wang Jing, Li Fei 14 1 2026 https://doi.org/10.6025/tmd/2026/14/1/23-34 https://www.dline.info/tmd/fulltext/v14n1/tmdv14n1_3.pdf The paper presents a mechanical engineering focused analysis of 3D printing machine design, emphasizing structural integrity, motion control, extrusion mechanics, and thermal regulation. It outlines the core mechanical subsystems structural frame, motion transmission, printing head, material feeding, and build platform and discusses their roles in ensuring print accuracy and reliability. Key design considerations include minimizing frame deflection, optimizing motion kinematics to reduce vibration, and maintaining consistent extrusion flow and temperature. The paper contrasts early, low cost FDM printer designs with modern advancements, highlighting innovations such as multi material compatibility, integrated 3D scanning, and parameter optimization for improved print quality. It also addresses common mechanical failure modes such as layer shifting, nozzle clogging, warping, and vibration and proposes engineering solutions, including closed loop control, reinforced frames, and heated chambers. Looking ahead, the paper identifies emerging trends: hybrid CNC–AM systems, real time force and temperature feedback, lightweight composite frames, and multi axis (5-DOF) printing for complex geometries. In conclusion, the authors assert that refined mechanical design is critical to expanding 3D printing’s industrial applicability, particularly by achieving high precision, material versatility, and reliability for end use part production. Despite current challenges in stability and surface quality, ongoing innovations in machine architecture and control systems are positioned to drive the future evolution of additive manufacturing.