Artificial Intelligence and Digital Maturity in Asia–Pacific Higher Education: A Co-occurrence Analysis and Evidence-Informed Research Agenda

  • Juan Jose Prieto-Gutierrez Complutense University of Madrid Spain jujpriet@ucm.es

Abstract

This study synthesizes the supplied analysis of artificial intelligence (AI) and digital maturity in Asia–Pacific (APAC) higher education and reorganizes the findings into a coherent research framework. The analysis combines a conceptual map, keyword co-occurrence networks, a co-occurrence strength matrix, a staged research agenda, an impact feasibility prioritization matrix, a gap to agenda mapping, thematic coverage assessment, and an illustrative latent growth model (LGM) framework for institutional AI-DMI trajectories. Across these outputs, AI and infrastructure emerge as central hubs, while teaching and learning, research, connectivity, high-performance computing (HPC), leadership, strategy, training, utilization, incentives, and curriculum form an interconnected maturity ecosystem. The analysis indicates that the most actionable challenges are not limited to technology availability; rather, utilization, incentives, shared capacity, and the alignment between institutional strategy and implementation represent major leverage points. The proposed research agenda therefore progresses from short-term longitudinal measurement and evaluation of existing pilots to medium-term studies of incentives, shared computing capacity, and curriculum effects, and finally to system-level maturity pathways, governance, ecosystem design, and inclusive AI transformation. The LGM framework extends the analysis from static benchmarking to longitudinal explanation by allowing institutions to differ in baseline maturity and rates of change and by testing predictors of those trajectories.

References

[1] Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V. I., Bond, M., Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education where are the educators International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0. [2] Luckin, R., Holmes, W., Griffiths, M., Forcier, L. B. (2016). Intelligence unleashed: An argument for AI in education. Pearson. [3] Huang, R., Spector, J. M., Yang, J. (2019). Educational technology a primer for the 21st century. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6643-7. [4] Lu, H., Li, Y., Chen, M., Kim, H., Serikawa, S. (2017). Brain intelligence: Go beyond artificial intelligence. Mobile Networks and Applications, 23, 368–375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-017-0932-8. [5] Siemens, G., Baker, R. (2012). Learning analytics and educational data mining: Towards communication and collaboration. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge (pp. 252–254). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/2330601.2330661. [6] Kakati, R., Jyoti Gurung, D. (2026). Artificial intelligence adoption in higher education: A bibliometric analysis of theoretical frameworks, emerging trends, and global research patterns. Diginomics, 5, 262. https:// diginomics.ar/index.php/digi/article/view/262. [7] Hendriawan, E., Marlina, R., Hadian, M. H., Nuraeni, I. I., Yogaswara, S. S. P. (2026). Mapping international collaboration and research hotspots in educational technology: A VOSviewer analysis. Socius: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 3(6), 41–53. [8] Hong, T. T. M., Tung, N. T. T., Thanh, N. T. P. (2025). Mapping artificial intelligence research in higher education toward sustainable development. Discover Sustainability, 6, 1240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-021620. [9] Gray, C. C., Perkins, D. (2019). Utilizing early engagement and machine learning to predict student outcomes. Computers Education, 131, 22–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.12.006. [10] Luckin, R., Holmes, W., Griffiths, M., Forcier, L. B. (2016). Intelligence unleashed: An argument for AI in education. Pearson. [11] Molinillo, S., Aguilar-Illescas, R., Anaya-Sánchez, R., Vallespín-Arán, M. (2018). Exploring the impacts of interactions, social presence and emotional engagement on active collaborative learning in a social web based environment. Computers Education, 123, 41–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.04.012. [12] N, A., Martis, R. (2026). Artificial intelligence in education: Mapping research trends, engagement and cognitivedisengagement with evidence from global and Asian contexts. Responsible Enterprise Pedagogy, 1(1), 22–52. https:/ /doi.org/10.1108/RESEP-04-2026-0009. [13] Lamba, Y. S., Sood, S. K., Rawat, K. S., Chopra, M., Singh, A. K. (2022). Knowledge mapping of 4D printing technologies in computer engineering. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 30(6), 1780–1794. https:/ /doi.org/10.1002/cae.22561. [14] Rawat, K. S., Sharma, T. (2024). A leap from theory to reality: Knowledge visualization of quantum computing. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 71, 14861–14877. https://doi.org/10.1109/ TEM.2024.3466949. [15] Sharma, G., Rawat, K. S., Sood, S. K. (2024). Adoption of controls and saga of development in 3D printed bioimplants: A business perspective. IEEE Engineering Management Review. Advance online publication. https:/ /doi.org/10.1109/EMR.2024.3457804. [16] Rawat, K. S., Yadav, M. (2025). Analyzing quantum computing applications across key scientific domains using trends and visual analytics. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-025-10312. [17] Parasuraman, R., Riley, V. (1997). Humans and automation: Use, misuse, disuse, abuse. Human Factors, 39(2), 230–253. https://doi.org/10.1518/001872097778543886. [18] Skitka, L. J., Mosier, K. L., Burdick, M. (1999). Does automation bias decision making International Journal of Human Computer Studies, 51(5), 991–1006. https://doi.org/10.1006/ijhc.1999.0252. [19] Kasneci, E., Seßler, K., Küchemann, S., Bannert, M., Dementieva, D., Fischer, F., Gasser, U., Groh, G., Günnemann, S., Hüllermeier, E., Krusche, S., Kutyniok, G., Michaeli, T., Nerdel, C., Pfeffer, J., Poquet, O., Sailer, M., Schmidt, A., Seidel, T., Kasneci, G. (2023). ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education. Learning and Individual Differences, 103, 102274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102274. [20] Lee, S. J., Kwon, K. (2024). A systematic review of AI education in K-12 classrooms from 2018 to 2023: Topics, strategies, and learning outcomes. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 6, 100211. [21] Heung, Y. M. E., Chiu, T. K. (2025). How ChatGPT impacts student engagement from a systematic review and meta-analysis study. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 8, 100361. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.caeai.2025.100361. [22] Wang, S., Wang, F., Zhu, Z., Wang, J., Tran, T., Du, Z. (2024). Artificial intelligence in education: A systematic literature review. Expert Systems with Applications, 252, 124167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2024.124167. [23] Rosa, A. G., Yokomizo, C. A. (2026). Systematic literature review on artificial intelligence in education (AIED): Proposing a conceptual structure. Artificial Intelligence in Education, 2(1), 49–66. https://doi.org/10.1108/aiie08-2025-0232. [24] Huang, R., Spector, J. M., Yang, J. (2019). Educational technology a primer for the 21st century. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6643-7. [25] Lu, H., Li, Y., Chen, M., Kim, H., Serikawa, S. (2017). Brain intelligence: Go beyond artificial intelligence. Mobile Networks and Applications, 23, 368–375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-017-0932-8. [26] Sukrat, S., Leeraphong, A. (2024). A digital business transformation maturity model for micro enterprises in developing countries. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 43(2), 149–175. https://doi.org/10.1002/ joe.22230.[27] Kaur, S., Sehajpal, S. (2026). Digital maturity and ecosystem synergy: Unveiling the path to sustainable development goals in SAARC countries. In Impacts of digital maturity and digital ecosystems on Sustainable development goals (p. 189–224). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. [28] Tan, A. S. I., Sia, B. C., Yeong, W. M., Falahat, M. (2026). Digital transformation: The role of digital maturity and its determinants on business performance. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 20(2), 541–564. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-08-2024-0480. [29] Times Higher Education (2026). Advancing Universities Towards an AI Future Insights from the AI and Digital Maturity Index in Asia Pacific. 22
Published
2026-09-12
How to Cite
PRIETO-GUTIERREZ, Juan Jose. Artificial Intelligence and Digital Maturity in Asia–Pacific Higher Education: A Co-occurrence Analysis and Evidence-Informed Research Agenda. International Journal of Information Studies, Vol. 18(4), p. 205-226, sep. 2026. ISSN 2278-6511. Available at: <https://dline.info/ojs/index.php/ijis/article/view/596>. Date accessed: 12 nov. 2026.